Phenylpropanoids are a family of chemical compounds that are generated from the amino acid phenylalanine via the phenylpropanoid pathway. They are extensively dispersed in plants and serve important roles in a variety of physiological processes. Phenylpropanoids are involved in the production of several secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, lignins, coumarins, stilbenes, and others. These secondary metabolites aid in the plant's defense systems, coloration, and responsiveness to environmental stimuli.
Creative Proteomics' Multifaceted Phenylpropanoids Analysis Service
Creative Proteomics offers a range of specialized services for the analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Our comprehensive expertise encompasses:
Metabolite Profiling: Thoroughly identifying and quantifying phenylpropanoid metabolites across diverse plant samples, providing a comprehensive view of their presence and distribution.
Metabolic Pathway Elucidation: Unveiling the intricate metabolic pathways of phenylpropanoids in plants, elucidating the biosynthesis and regulation of these compounds.
Structural Identification: Employing advanced techniques for the identification and characterization of complex phenylpropanoid derivatives found in plants.
Bioactivity Assessment: Rigorous evaluation of the bioactivity and potential health benefits of phenylpropanoids through meticulous in vitro and in vivo studies.
Comparative Metabolomics: Analyzing phenylpropanoid profiles across different plant species or tissues, uncovering variations that contribute to a deeper understanding of their metabolic diversity.
Quality Control: Stringent quality analysis of phenylpropanoid-containing products to ensure their consistency, potency, and safety.
Tailored Experimental Design: Customizing experimental strategies and analysis plans to address your specific research objectives effectively.
Data Interpretation: In-depth analysis, interpretation, and visualization of metabolic data to extract meaningful insights.
Phenylpropanoids Analytical Techniques
Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS): Our LC-MS platform, featuring the Agilent 6545 Q-TOF, empowers qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenylpropanoids in complex samples. Applicable across fields such as plant biology, food science, and pharmaceuticals.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS): Leveraging the Agilent 7890B GC coupled with Agilent 5977A MSD, our GC-MS technology reveals phenylpropanoids and their metabolites. Ideal for plant metabolism, natural product exploration, and environmental studies.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS): Our HPLC-MS solution, centered around the Shimadzu LCMS-8060, facilitates efficient separation and quantitation of phenylpropanoids. Valuable for food authenticity, medicinal plant research, and more.
Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (QQQ-MS): Featuring the AB Sciex QTRAP 6500, our QQQ-MS platform offers high-sensitivity quantitative and qualitative phenylpropanoid analysis. Essential for pharmacokinetics, metabolomics, and beyond.
Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry: Employing the Thermo Scientific Q Exactive HF-X, our Orbitrap-MS system delivers high-resolution qualitative and quantitative phenylpropanoid analysis. Ideal for unravelling metabolic networks and identifying biomarkers.
Workflow for Plant Metabolomics Service
List of Phenylpropanoids Analyzed (including but not limited to)
| Group |
Phenylpropanoids and Related Compounds |
| Flavonoids |
Flavones, Flavonols, Flavanones, Flavan-3-ols, Isoflavones, Anthocyanins, Chalcones, Dihydrochalcones |
| Lignans |
Secoisolariciresinol, Matairesinol, Pinoresinol, Lariciresinol, Syringaresinol, Arctigenin, Enterodiol, Enterolactone |
| Coumarins |
Cinnamic Acid, Umbelliferone, Scopoletin, Aesculetin, Esculin, Daphnetin, Coumestrol, Xanthotoxin |
| Stilbenes |
Resveratrol, Piceatannol, Pterostilbene, Viniferins, Isorhapontigenin, Resveratroloside, Hopeaphenol |
| Chalcones |
Isoliquiritigenin, Xanthohumol, Butin, Desmosdumotin C, Isoliquiritigenin, Xanthohumol, Butin, Desmosdumotin C, Phloretin, Phloridzin, Butein, Calchona |
Application of Our Phenylpropanoids Analysis Service
Ecological Insights: By analyzing phenylpropanoids, researchers gain a unique lens into ecological interactions within plant ecosystems. Uncover the chemical dialogues between plants and their environment, unraveling defense mechanisms, symbiotic relationships, and chemical signaling that shape ecological landscapes.
Evolutionary Narratives: Phenylpropanoids act as molecular storytellers, recounting the evolutionary history of plant species. Comparative analysis of phenylpropanoid profiles provides insights into species adaptations, evolutionary responses to changing environments, and the intricate dance of survival and competition.
Agricultural Advancements: In agriculture, our service aids in crop enhancement and sustainability. Phenylpropanoids play pivotal roles in plant defense against pathogens and pests. Through analysis, researchers can develop strategies for optimizing crop resilience, leading to improved agricultural practices.
Medicinal and Nutraceutical Discoveries: Certain phenylpropanoids, such as flavonoids, hold promise as natural health agents. Analysis of these compounds reveals potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. This knowledge inspires the development of novel nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals for human health.
Biodiversity Conservation: Phenylpropanoids analysis serves as a conservation tool, shedding light on plant biodiversity and ecosystem health. Detect changes in phenylpropanoid profiles to monitor environmental shifts, support conservation efforts, and advocate for the preservation of natural habitats.
Functional Food Development: Our service aids in the development of functional foods enriched with beneficial phenylpropanoids. By understanding the presence and abundance of these compounds in different plant sources, researchers can create nutritionally enhanced products that promote human well-being.
Plant Biotechnology: Researchers leverage phenylpropanoids analysis to advance plant biotechnology. By unraveling the molecular intricacies of these compounds, scientists can engineer plants with improved traits, such as enhanced disease resistance or increased nutritional content.
Environmental Stress Responses: Studying phenylpropanoids assists in understanding plant responses to environmental stressors. Analysis provides insights into how plants adapt to changing conditions, offering valuable information for ecological restoration and environmental management.
Chemical Ecology: Phenylpropanoids analysis contributes to the field of chemical ecology, unraveling the chemical cues that mediate interactions between plants, insects, and other organisms. This knowledge aids in deciphering the intricate web of natural relationships.
Sample Requirements for Phenylpropanoids Assay
| Sample Types |
Minimum Sample Size |
| Plant Samples |
Roots, stems and leaves, floral parts, fruits/seeds, rhizomes, buds/tender leaves, tissue sections, pollen, bark, trunk/wood, resin/gum, resin acids, seedlings/young plants, rhizosphere soil, root exudates. |
50 mg - 1 g |
| Animal Samples |
Serum/Plasma |
200-500 μL |
| Tissues |
20-100 mg |
| Urine/Feces |
1-2 mL / 100 mg |
| Cell Samples |
Cells and Culture |
106 - 108 cells |
Case 1. MdMYB88 and MdMYB124: Pathogen and Drought Resistance via Phenylpropanoid Regulation in Apple
Background:
This study investigates the intricate regulatory roles of apple MYB transcription factors, MdMYB88 and MdMYB124. Their importance in conferring freezing, drought stress tolerance, and lignin biosynthesis has been established. This research explores whether they extend their influence to other secondary metabolites, shedding light on their comprehensive stress response mechanisms. The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, involving phenylalanine, plays a crucial role in plant development and stress responses. Understanding their impact on metabolite production is vital for enhancing plant resilience.
Samples:
Tissue-cultured GL-3, transgenic MdMYB88/124 RNAi, and MdMYB88 or MdMYB124 overexpression plants of Malus x domestica "Royal Gala" were used. The roots of these plants were analyzed under control and drought conditions.
Methods:
Plant Growth and Stress Treatment: GL-3 and transgenic plants were cultivated in pots with specific media under greenhouse conditions. Long-term drought stress was applied using established methods. Disease resistance experiments were conducted using pathogens A. alternata and Valsa mali.
UPLC-MS Analysis: Metabolomic analysis was performed using UPLC-MS to identify differential metabolites. Root samples were extracted, and the extracts were analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS. Data analysis included PCA, Pearson correlation, OPLS-DA, and KEGG annotations.
Measurement of H2O2 and MDA Content: Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content were measured using specific assay kits.
RNA Extraction and RT-qPCR Analysis: RNA was extracted from root samples, and RT-qPCR was performed to analyze gene expression. Promoter binding assays were conducted using EMSAs and ChIP-qPCR.
Results
Metabolomic Profiling: MdMYB88/124 RNAi plants showed altered phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolite profiles, with downregulation of several compounds under both control and drought conditions. The content of lignin precursors also decreased, consistent with previous studies.
Disease Resistance: MdMYB88/124 overexpression plants exhibited increased tolerance to A. alternata infection, while RNAi plants were more susceptible. This suggests a role for MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 in enhancing fungal resistance.
Gene Expression Regulation: MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 positively regulated the expression of MdCM2 and other MdCMs involved in phenylalanine biosynthesis. Direct binding of MdMYB88 to the MdCM2 promoter was demonstrated.
ROS Scavenging and Oxidative Stress: MdMYB88/124 RNAi plants displayed higher H2O2 and MDA content under drought stress, suggesting that flavonoid content influenced ROS scavenging ability and contributed to drought tolerance.
In conclusion, MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 play a critical role in regulating phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in apple roots under drought stress. Their modulation affects disease resistance, ROS scavenging, and oxidative stress responses.
Reference
- Bai, Ge, Chuanguo Ma, and Xiaowei Chen. "Phenylpropanoids in edible oil: Distribution, analysis and variation during processing." Grain & Oil Science and Technology 4.1 (2021): 33-44.
