Applications
Viruses can infect all forms of life, from humans to bacteria. Various omics techniques have been successfully applied to investigate virus-host interactions at genetic, transcriptional, translational, post-translational and metabolic levels. High-content data generated by omics technologies can be used to understand pathogenic mechanisms of viruses, identify new biomarkers for diagnosis, and facilitate early detection of viral disease. Here, we will look at the studies of proteomics, metabolomics, glycoproteomics, lipidomics, and multi-omics in viral infection, and discuss their applications in a range of viruses.
Applications of Proteomics in Virus Research
Proteomics is a powerful tool for studying infectious diseases. The application of proteomics in virus research can be divided into two major aspects, namely, the characterization of viruses and monitoring the effects of viral infection on host cells at the protein level. Proteomics is of great importance in understanding host-viral protein interactions, finding biomarkers to monitor infection course, and exploring viral pathogenesis.
Applications of Metabolomics in Virus Research
Metabolomics has become one of the prime areas in virology research, helping researchers explore dynamic host metabolism caused by viral infections, discover new biomarkers, determine disease pathogenesis, and develop diagnosis and personalized treatment. For example, metabolomics, such as glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, have been used to investigate the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Applications of Viral Glycoproteomics
The glycosylation process between virus and host cell can be used to study the interaction mechanism between virus and host cell, which opens up a new field of vision. Applications of glycoproteomics in virus research include the development of new viral vaccines and antiviral drugs, the advancement of glycoprotein-related technologies, and the diagnosis and treatment of viral diseases.
Applications of Lipidomics in Virus Research
Lipids play a central role in viral infection, including non-enveloped and enveloped viruses, as well as DNA and RNA viruses. Lipidomics studies have shown that viral infection can significantly change the lipid group of the host, thus elucidating the potential pathogenic mechanism.
Applications of Multi-Omics in Virus Research
Omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, have been greatly enriched and developed in recent decades. Multi-omics analyses enable high-throughput detection and untargeted, and general quantitative analysis of target samples. Therefore, their application opens the door to systems level analysis of viruses and their effects on hosts.
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