Proteomics in CCHFV Research
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV) cause Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a human tick-borne disease that leads to an increasing number of outbreaks in several parts of the globe. CCHFV is considered to be a major emerging viral threat due to its high fatality rate, multiple modes of transmission, and wide geographical distribution. Although the virus was identified in the late 1960s, there are still no vaccine or selective antiviral drugs available to treat or prevent it. To develop novel antivirals against CCHFV, proteomic methods have been used to identify a range of host cell proteins, such as CCHF viral glycoproteins for entry into host cells and nucleocapsid proteins that support viral replication. Creative Proteomics is a leading service provider in the field of viral proteomics. We continuously challenge ourselves and strive to offer our global customers the finest service. Here, we give an overview of the proteomic study of CCHFV.
Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus (CCHFV)
CCHFV is a negative-sense RNA virus and belongs to the Nairoviridae virus family. CCHFV is mainly transmitted by Hyalomma marginatum ticks and causes a mild to severe viral hemorrhagic fever, which is known as Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). CCHF is characterized by hemorrhagic manifestations, with a high mortality rate in humans (3–40%). The disease can be transmitted in multiple modes, including tick-to-human/animal, human-to-human, and animal-to-human. In addition, CCHFV is considered to be the geographically most widespread vector-borne pathogen in all medically significant tick-borne diseases. As a vector and a reservoir for CCHFV, the Ixodid ticks, especially those of the genus, Hyalomma, are discovered in more than 40 countries. So far, CCHF is widely distributed throughout 30 countries, such as sub-Saharan Africa, South-Eastern Europe, the Middle-East, and the Xinjiang province of northwest China. Therefore, CCHF poses a substantial threat to global health, highlighting the need for stricter surveillance and the development of novel antivirals against CCHFV.
Proteomics in CCHFV Research
The interaction between the CCHF viral glycoproteins and the host-cell proteins
The proteomics approaches have been used to investigate the interaction between the host-cell proteins and the CCHF viral glycoproteins. Based on co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) combined with MS peptide sequencing, an interaction between the receptor-binding domain of Gc (one of the two enveloped glycoproteins), with the cell surface protein nucleolin was identified. And the deeper mechanism of how the CCHF viral glycoproteins facilitate host-cell entry remains to be further studied.
The interaction between the CCHFV nucleocapsid protein and the host-cell proteins
There are several studies that investigate the interaction between the CCHFV nucleocapsid protein and the host-cell proteins. A targeted approach was applied to reveal the interaction between CCHFV nucleoprotein with interferon-induced antiviral protein MxA or host-cell proteins actin. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation with MS was employed to identify the interactions between nucleoprotein interactions and members of the heat shock protein 70 family.
The study of CCHFV pathogenesis in the liver
To better identify alterations of early liver cells in the response to CCHFV infection, the protein profile of in vitro CCHFV-infected HepG2 liver carcinoma cells was analyzed using two quantitative proteomic approaches, including 2D-DIGE and iTRAQ labeling. A set of differentially expressed proteins was identified. Besides, ingenuity pathways analysis (a type of bioinformatics analysis) revealed multiple pathologic and functional changes in host cells following CCHFV infection.
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Reference
- Sperk, M., et al. (2020). "Utility of Proteomics in Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Caused by RNA Viruses." Journal of Proteome Research, 19(11), 4259-4274.
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